Chemicals in the Fashion Industry: Impact on the Environment and Society

The fashion industry is a significant contributor to environmental degradation, primarily due to the extensive use of chemicals in textile production. These chemicals not only harm ecosystems but also pose serious health risks to workers and consumers.
Impact on the Environment and Society

The chemical burden of the fashion industry affects not only air and water but also the people working in garment factories. In countries with lenient environmental regulations, such as Bangladesh or China, workers are often exposed to toxic chemicals without sufficient protection. These chemicals can cause skin conditions, respiratory issues, and long-term health problems.

Another serious concern is water pollution caused by wastewater from textile production. Dyes and solvents, in particular, end up in rivers and lakes, contaminating water sources and harming aquatic life. For example, azo dyes, widely used in the textile industry, are banned in some countries, but they are still commonly found in the production of cheap clothing.

Are There Chemicals in Sustainable Products?

As more consumers turn to sustainable products to support the environment and society, the question arises whether these items are free of harmful chemicals. Unfortunately, the answer is not always clear: Even sustainable textiles can contain chemicals, as the term “sustainable” does not necessarily guarantee chemical-free production. However, certifications like GOTS (Global Organic Textile Standard) or OEKO-TEX ensure that the textiles meet specific environmental and health standards.

Tips for Consumers

1. Check Certifications: Look for labels like GOTS or OEKO-TEX, which guarantee that the clothing was produced under environmentally friendly conditions and is free from harmful chemicals.

2. Material Choices: Opt for natural materials like organic cotton, linen, or wool. These are often less chemically treated than synthetic fibers like polyester or nylon.

3. Second-Hand Clothing: Buying second-hand clothing is one of the most effective ways to reduce environmental impact. No new chemicals are used in production, and existing clothing is reused, reducing the demand for new resources.

4. Buy Less: Reduce your consumption of fast fashion. Choosing fewer, higher-quality pieces that last longer is better for both the environment and your health.

DEEP DIVE CERTIFICATES

Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS)

GOTS is a leading global standard for textiles made from organic fibers. It sets comprehensive environmental and social criteria for the entire textile supply chain, ensuring that products are not only made from organic materials but also processed sustainably. To achieve GOTS certification, a textile product must contain at least 70% certified organic fibers. The standard prohibits the use of harmful chemicals such as toxic heavy metals, formaldehyde, and aromatic solvents. Additionally, GOTS mandates the implementation of environmental management systems, including proper wastewater treatment practices. Social criteria are also integral to GOTS, requiring adherence to fair labor practices and safe working conditions throughout the production process. 

OEKO-TEX® Standard 100

Established in 1992, the OEKO-TEX® Standard 100 is an independent certification system that tests textile products at all stages of production for harmful substances. Products bearing this label have undergone rigorous testing for over 1,000 toxic chemicals, including banned azo dyes, formaldehyde, cadmium, and nickel. The testing criteria are updated annually to incorporate the latest scientific knowledge and legal requirements. The certification is divided into four product classes, with stricter requirements for items in closer contact with the skin, such as baby garments. By choosing OEKO-TEX® certified products, consumers can be assured of textiles that are safe for human health. citeturn0search2

Blue Angel (Blauer Engel)

Introduced in 1978, the Blue Angel is Germany’s official environmental label and the world’s first ecolabel. It certifies products and services that are environmentally friendly and meet high standards of health protection. For textiles, the Blue Angel ensures that products are made from materials produced with minimal environmental impact, free from harmful chemicals, and manufactured under socially responsible conditions. The label takes a holistic approach, considering the entire lifecycle of a product—from raw material extraction to production, use, and disposal. This comprehensive evaluation provides consumers with reliable guidance when selecting eco-friendly textiles. 

For consumers, these certifications serve as trustworthy indicators of a product’s environmental and social credentials. They offer assurance that the textiles have been produced with consideration for ecological sustainability and human health. 

By making informed choices and opting for certified products, consumers can actively contribute to reducing the negative impacts of the textile industry and support the movement towards more sustainable fashion practices. Just try and find your way! 

edited with ChatGPT
photo by Foto Bailey Zindel Unsplash